Element Six (E6), world-leading Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond manufacturer and part of the De Beers Group, has been selected as a performer for the LADDIS (Large Area Device-quality Diamond Substrates) program, set up by the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
LADDIS aims to develop new ways of fabricating device-quality diamond substrates with ultimate applications that include radio-frequency and power electronics to operate in the harsh environments of military applications. As a pioneering company to demonstrate and synthesize electronic grade single crystal CVD diamond, E6 will use its expertise in the development of large area single crystal diamond substrates, leveraging its developed large area synthesis platform, to realize diamond substrates measuring 50 mm in diameter.
E6 first developed electronic grade CVD diamond as an integral part of the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) Large Hadron Collider monitoring systems, used in the experiments which enabled the discovery of the Higgs Boson Particle. In addition, by combining this remarkable electronic grade intrinsic diamond with solving the challenge to achieve very high boron doping (>5x1020 cm-3), E6 in collaboration with ABB demonstrated >4 keV diamond Schottky diodes.
Since then, E6 has invested heavily in the development and manufacturing of single crystal diamond and has registered over 2,000 patents in 40 countries. In addition to its facility in Santa Clara, California, US, E6 has also built and commissioned what was believed to be the world’s largest operating single-crystal diamond factory, in Portland, Oregon, US.
Dr Daniel Twitchen, Chief Technologist at Element Six, said:
“Element Six has a 20-year track record of introducing disruptive single-crystal diamond-enabled solutions to the market, helping to unlock a range of new applications in sensing, optics and semiconductors. We are looking forward to leveraging our expertise, alongside Raytheon and E6’s long-term academic partner, Professor Martin Kuball, to further develop this world-leading diamond semiconductor technology.”
Diamond- based semiconductors have the potential for unprecedented power density, speed, and performance; however, there is a lack of industrial-size single crystal diamond wafers that are needed to commercialize these ‘super-devices’. By working with its network of partners as part of the LADDIS project, Element Six will aim to overcome these challenges.
E6 has already demonstrated the successful and scaled synthesis of polycrystalline diamond with diameters greater than 100 mm. These are already being adopted in passive thermal management applications of high-power density Silicon (Si) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductor devices, used for example in satellite communications, EW and telecommunication infrastructures.
The LADDIS program has partnered E6 with Raytheon, the leader in high-power GaN RF devices for defense applications and Martin Kuball, Professor of Physics at the University of Bristol, who has pioneered the thermal characterization techniques that can be used to assess the produced material of the group’s synthesis work.
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Element Six
Element Six, part of the De Beers Group, is a world-leader in the design, development and production of synthetic diamond and tungsten carbide advanced material solutions. The company operates worldwide with primary manufacturing facilities in Germany, Ireland, South Africa, the UK and US.
Element Six uses the extreme properties of synthetic diamond to open up new possibilities in areas such as quantum optics, acoustics, power transmission, water treatment, thermal management and sensors. The company’s advanced material solutions are used in a wide rage of applications across multiple industries including manufacturing in the Automotive and Consumer Electronics industries, cutting and drilling in the Oil & Gas industry, and in components for Mining, Road & Wear applications.
Raytheon
Raytheon is an American multinational aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. It is one of the largest aerospace and defense manufacturers in the world by revenue and market capitalization, as well as one of the largest providers of intelligence services. RTX manufactures aircraft engines, avionics, aerostructures, cybersecurity solutions, guided missiles, air defence systems, satellites, and drones. The company is also a large military contractor, getting a significant portion of its revenue from the U.S. government.
DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. For sixty years, DARPA has held to a singular and enduring mission: to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security. The ultimate results have included not only game-changing military capabilities such as precision weapons and stealth technology, but also such icons of modern civilian society such as the Internet, automated voice recognition and language translation, and Global Positioning System receivers small enough to embed in myriad consumer devices.
